Endometriosis is a painful condition where the inner uterine lining or the endometrium is present outside the Uterus where it does’nt belong, such as in the ovary, fallopian tubes, peritoneum, other organs etc.

What is the problem with Endometriosis?

This endometrium like tisssue located outside uterus grows like normal endometrial lining through the cycle but can not be shed every cycle like the endometrium. So this tissue gets trapped. In ovaries, it forms cysts called endometriomas. Surrounding tissue can get irritated developing scar tissue and adhesions between different organs. This causes a picture of inflammation and the cells and chemicals seen during inflammation are high in that area. This can further reduce the egg quality in these patients.

Symptoms of Endometriosis?

• Painful periods
• Pain during intercourse
• Infertility
• Pain during bowel movement/ urination when it involves the bowel or bladder

How to diagnose Endometriosis?

Diagnosis is made based on the clinical symptoms, physical examination, USG findings. But gold standard for diagnosis of endometriosis and also to know the severity of the disease is laparoscopy.

What is the treatment for Endometriosis?

Treatment depends on whether the woman is planning a pregnancy or not. It also depends on the severity and age of the patient.
Women who are trying to conceive and with mild disease can try IUI. But those with moderate to severe disease, laparoscopy and IVF/ICSI is a better treatment option. Treatment is personalized based on the severity and patient’s criteria.
Women who are not trying to conceive can be treated medically or surgically.

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